CJC-1295 / GET

CHAPTER 04 // THE PAPER TRAIL

Every claim, tied to a source.

The full bibliography for the zine. Numbered to match the inline [N] markers across the other pages. Click through to PubMed, the journal, ClinicalTrials.gov, or the FDA briefing PDF for each entry.

The bibliography

Twenty entries. The first set (1-7) covers the foundational CJC-1295 pharmacology — Jetté 2005 (rat PK/PD), Teichman 2006 (Phase 1 human PK), Ionescu 2006 (pulsatility), Alba 2006 (GHRH-knockout mouse rescue), and Sackmann-Sala 2009 (serum proteomics). The middle set (8-14) covers detection, forensic, and observational work — Henninge 2010 (seized-material identification), Van Hout 2016 (netnographic forum study), NCT00267527 (terminated Phase 2 trial), Bowers 1990 (foundational GHRH+GHRP synergy), Timms 2019 immuno-PCR and LC-MS/MS, Thomas 2024 (WADA-compliant urine detection), and Steiger 1992 (GHRH and slow-wave sleep). The final set (15-20) covers the regulatory and review record — Schally 2024 Nature Reviews summary, FDA October and December 2024 PCAC briefings, WADA 2025 Prohibited List, and Behrendt 2016 on Fmoc SPPS as the manufacturing context.

The full citation list appears below in the references table. Click DOI or URL to reach the source.

  1. Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, Paradis V, van Wyk P, Pham K, Bridon DP. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. ↗
  2. Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2006;91(3):799-805. ↗
  3. Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. CJC-1295 plasma half-life of 5.8 to 8.1 days across single-dose cohorts (30-250 ug/kg SC) — secondary analysis reported in the same Phase 1 publication. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2006;91(3):799-805. ↗
  4. Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2006;91(12):4792-4797. ↗
  5. Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2006;291(6):E1290-E1294. ↗
  6. Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, et al. Mechanistic notes on the four amino-acid substitutions (D-Ala-2, Gln-8, Ala-15, Leu-27) in modified GRF(1-29) — half-life extension from ~7 min (native GHRH) to ~30 min for non-DAC backbone; receptor affinity retained. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. ↗
  7. Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 2009;19(6):471-477. ↗
  8. Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2010;2(11-12):647-650. ↗
  9. Van Hout MC, Hearne E. Netnography of female use of the synthetic growth hormone CJC-1295: pulses and potions. Substance Use & Misuse. 2016;51(1):73-84. ↗
  10. ConjuChem Biotechnologies Inc. A study to evaluate CJC-1295 in HIV patients with visceral obesity. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00267527. Phase 2 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, terminated October 2006 (n=192 enrolled); no primary endpoint publication. ↗
  11. Bowers CY, Reynolds GA, Durham D, Barrera CM, Pezzoli SS, Thorner MO. Combined administration of GHRH and GHRP-6 acts in synergy on growth hormone (GH) release in humans. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1990;70(4):975-982. ↗
  12. Timms M, Hall N, Levina V, Vine J, Steel R. A method for confirming CJC-1295 abuse in equine plasma samples by LC-MS/MS. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2019;11(7):1075-1082. ↗
  13. Thomas A, Walpurgis K, Tretzel L, Brinkkotter P, Fussholler G, Gorgens C, Geyer H, Thevis M. Chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of peptidic analytes (2-10 kDa) in doping control urine samples. Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2024;59(2):e4996. ↗
  14. Timms M, Hall N, Levina V, Vine J, Steel R. An immuno polymerase chain reaction screen for the detection of CJC-1295 and other growth-hormone-releasing hormone analogs in equine plasma. Drug Testing and Analysis. 2019;11(5):761-768. ↗
  15. Steiger A, Guldner J, Hemmeter U, Rothe B, Wiedemann K, Holsboer F. Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone on sleep and sleep-related hormone secretion in normal man. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1992;17(4):231-241. ↗
  16. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. October 29, 2024 Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee — Briefing Materials on CJC-1295 (free base, acetate, DAC free base, DAC acetate, DAC trifluoroacetate). Docket FDA-2024-N-4777. ↗
  17. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. December 4, 2024 Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee Meeting — Follow-up Briefing Document on GH Secretagogue Peptides (CJC-1295, ipamorelin). PCAC did not recommend Section 503A Category 1 inclusion; nominator withdrawal from Category 2 accepted September 27, 2024. ↗
  18. Schally AV, Wang H, He J, Cai R, Jaszberenyi M, Rick FG, Block NL. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2024;20(11):669-686. ↗
  19. World Anti-Doping Agency. World Anti-Doping Code International Standard — The 2025 Prohibited List. Section S2: Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances, and Mimetics. CJC-1295 explicitly listed as prohibited at all times. ↗
  20. Behrendt R, White P, Offer J. Advances in Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Journal of Peptide Science. 2016;22(1):4-27. Background reference on the manufacturing process by which research-grade CJC-1295 lyophilized powder is produced (Fmoc SPPS on PEG-polystyrene resin, RP-HPLC purification to >=95-99%, ESI-MS identity confirmation, TFA-salt lyophilization). ↗
  21. Safety and efficacy of approved and unapproved peptide therapies for musculoskeletal conditions. Sports Med. 2026. PMID 41966639. ↗
  22. Renehan AG, Zwahlen M, Minder C, O'Dwyer ST, Shalet SM, Egger M. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet. 2004;363(9418):1346-1353. ↗
  23. GH increases extracellular volume by stimulating sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002. PMID 11932310. ↗
  24. Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011. PMID 20943777. ↗